Michael H. Hart compiled a list of the “100 Most Influential People in the World” in his book. This list is based on his assessment of individuals who have had a significant impact on the world, whether that influence was positive or negative. It’s important to note that “influential” here does not necessarily mean that these individuals were good or bad; rather, it acknowledges their ability to shape events and history. If you’re interested in learning more about the people on this list and how they have shaped our world, I recommend reading the book, as it provides valuable insights into the lives and contributions of these influential figures.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_100:_A_Ranking_of_the_Most_Influential_Persons_in_History
100. Mahavira (6th century BC)
Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana Mahavira, was a revered spiritual leader and the 24th Tirthankara in Jainism, an ancient Indian religion. His teachings, centered around non-violence, truth, and asceticism, laid the foundation for Jain philosophy and ethics. Mahavira’s profound impact on Indian culture endures through the enduring principles of Jainism, including respect for all forms of life and a commitment to leading a simple and virtuous existence.
99. Justinian I (482 – 565)
Emperor of Eastern empire
Justinian I, born in 482 and reigning until 565, was a prominent Byzantine Emperor who left an enduring legacy. He is renowned for his legal reforms, most notably the creation of the “Corpus Juris Civilis,” which influenced modern legal systems. Justinian also undertook ambitious military campaigns to reclaim lost Roman territories, ordered the construction of the iconic Hagia Sophia, and played a significant role in religious matters, convening the Fifth Ecumenical Council. His reign witnessed both great achievements and challenges, including the devastating Plague of Justinia.
98. Homer
Greek poet who wrote Iliad and Odyssey
The ancient Greek poet Homer is renowned for composing two of the most enduring and influential epic poems in Western literature, the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey.” These epic works, which date back to the 8th century BCE, are foundational in the realm of classical literature. The “Iliad” recounts the events of the Trojan War, focusing on the conflict between the Greek hero Achilles and the Trojan prince Hector. Meanwhile, the “Odyssey” follows the adventures of Odysseus as he journeys home after the war. Homer’s storytelling prowess, vivid characters, and exploration of complex themes continue to captivate readers and inspire countless adaptations to this day.
97. Charlemagne (742 – 814)
Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great or Carolus Magnus, was a medieval ruler who played a pivotal role in the early formation of Europe. He united much of Western Europe to establish the Carolingian Empire, becoming the first Western Emperor since the fall of the Roman Empire. Charlemagne’s reign, which lasted from 768 to 814 AD, saw significant achievements in politics, culture, and religion. He is remembered for his efforts to promote education, spread Christianity, and create a sense of unity across a diverse region. His legacy as a powerful and visionary leader endures in the history of Europe.
96. Menes 3000BC
Menes, also known as Narmer, is the legendary Egyptian pharaoh credited with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt to establish the First Dynasty. His reign, which is estimated to have occurred around 3100 BCE, marked a pivotal moment in ancient Egyptian history. Menes’ achievement of uniting the two regions laid the foundation for the long and illustrious history of dynastic rule in ancient Egypt. His legacy as the founder of the First Dynasty underscores his significance as a unifier and the establishment of a centralized Egyptian state.
95. Mikhail Gorbachev (1931 – )
Mikhail Gorbachev, born in 1931, is a prominent Russian politician who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 and as the President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. He is widely recognized for his role in initiating significant political and economic reforms, collectively known as “perestroika” and “glasnost,” aimed at revitalizing the Soviet Union’s stagnant political and economic systems. Gorbachev’s policies played a pivotal role in the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, reshaping the course of world history.
94. Queen Elizabeth 1st(1533 – 1603)
Queen of England from 1558 to her death in 1603. Cemented England as a Protestant country, defeated Spanish armada.
Queen Elizabeth I, who reigned from 1558 to 1603, was one of the most iconic monarchs in English history. She is known for her lengthy and prosperous rule, often referred to as the Elizabethan Era, a time of great cultural, economic, and political achievements. Elizabeth I is celebrated for her strong leadership, her role in establishing the Church of England, and her support of the arts, which fostered the flourishing of English literature and drama, including the works of William Shakespeare. Her reign is also notable for the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, which secured England’s status as a major naval power. Queen Elizabeth I’s legacy as the “Virgin Queen” and her impact on the development of England and its culture remain enduring aspects of history.
93.Zoroaster (c. 1200 BC)
Iranian prophet who founded the religion of Zoroastrianm.
Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra, is a historical figure believed to have lived around 1200 BC in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran). He is the revered prophet and central figure in the religion of Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism is one of the world’s oldest known religions and had a profound influence on the religious and philosophical traditions of the ancient Near East and beyond. Zoroaster’s teachings centered on the belief in one supreme deity, Ahura Mazda, and the dualistic concept of a cosmic struggle between good and evil. His ideas laid the foundation for the ethical and monotheistic principles of Zoroastrianism, which continue to be practiced by a small number of adherents today.
92. Mencius (385–303BC) .
Chinese philosopher one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism.
Mencius, also known as Mengzi or Meng Ke, was a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States period of ancient China, around the 4th century BCE. He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the Confucian school of thought, following in the footsteps of Confucius himself. Mencius developed and expanded upon Confucian principles, emphasizing the innate goodness of human nature and the importance of moral cultivation and benevolence. His writings, collected in the “Mencius” (also known as the “Book of Mencius”), continue to be influential in Chinese philosophy and ethics, particularly in the realms of governance, ethics, and moral philosophy.
91. Henry ford (1863 – 1947)
Owner of Ford Motor Company. Revolutionised mass-production techniques
Henry Ford, born in 1863 and passing away in 1947, was an American industrialist and entrepreneur who played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the automobile industry. He is best known for founding the Ford Motor Company in 1903 and introducing innovative manufacturing techniques, such as the assembly line, which significantly lowered production costs and made automobiles more affordable to the general public. Ford’s introduction of the Model T, often called the “Tin Lizzie,” became a symbol of the affordable and practical automobile. His vision of mass production and standardized manufacturing processes transformed the automotive industry and had a profound impact on modern manufacturing. Henry Ford’s legacy endures as one of the most influential figures in the history of American business and the development of the automobile.
90. Francis bacon (1561 – 1626)
Creator of the scientific method and key figure in Scientific Revolution of the Enlightenment.
Francis Bacon, born in 1561 and passing away in 1626, was an English philosopher, scientist, statesman, and essayist who made significant contributions to various fields during the Renaissance period. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern scientific thinking and the scientific method. Bacon’s emphasis on empirical observation and the systematic collection of data laid the groundwork for the scientific revolution that followed.
He also served as Lord Chancellor of England under King James I, holding one of the highest legal and political positions in the country. Bacon’s influential essays, including “Essays” and “Novum Organum,” continue to be studied for their insights into human behavior, philosophy, and the advancement of knowledge. His multifaceted contributions have left a lasting impact on philosophy, science, and literature.
89. Mao Zedong (1893 – 1976):** The leader of the Chinese Communist Revolution and the dictator of China from 1949 to 1974, responsible for significant social and political changes in China during his rule.
88. Peter the Great (1721 – 1725):** A Russian Emperor who modernized Russia and expanded its territory, making it a major European power.
87. Cyrus the Great (600 – 530 BC):** The founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire, and a relatively enlightened ruler known for his benevolent governance.
86. Vasco da Gama (1460s –1524):** A Portuguese explorer who was the first European to reach India by sea, establishing a crucial trade route.
85. Sui Wen Ti (541 – 604):** The founder of China’s Sui Dynasty, known for reunifying China in 589 and laying the groundwork for the Tang Dynasty.
84. Lenin (1870 – 1924):** The leader of the Russian Revolution and the first head of the Soviet state, playing a significant role in the spread of communism.
83. Mani (216 – ):** An Iranian religious leader who founded Manichaeism, a Gnostic religion that was once a rival to Christianity.
82. Gregory Pincus (1903 – 1967):** An American biologist who played a key role in the development of the oral contraceptive pill, revolutionizing birth control.
81. John F. Kennedy (1917 – 1963):** The 35th President of the United States who served during the height of the Cold War and successfully navigated the Cuban Missile Crisis.
80. Thomas Malthus (1766 – 1834):** An English scholar who raised concerns about the exponential growth of the human population, known as the “Malthusian theory.”
79. Nicoli Machiavelli (1469 – 1527):** An Italian diplomat and Renaissance writer considered the father of political science.
78. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778):** A French philosopher and author of the “Social Contract.”
77. Leonhard Euler (1707 – 1783):** A Swiss mathematician who made prolific discoveries in calculus and graph theory.
76. Enrico Fermi (1901 – 1954):** An Italian-American physicist who created the first nuclear reactor.
75. Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630):** A German mathematician and astronomer who formulated the laws of planetary motion.
74. Voltaire (1694 – 1778):** A key figure of the European Enlightenment known for his satirical writings, which played a role in the French Revolution.
73. Lao Tzu (6th Century BC – ):** The author of the “Tao Te Ching” and founder of Taoism.
72. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750):** A renowned composer and organist known for creating some of the world’s most beautiful music.
71. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845 – 1923):** A German physicist who discovered electromagnetic waves, also known as X-rays.
70. Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823):** The developer of the world’s first vaccine, the smallpox vaccine, and often referred to as the father of immunology.
69. Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939):** An Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, which involved the investigation of the subconscious, dreams, and the human mind.
68. William the Conqueror (1028 – 1087):** The first Norman King of England, known for the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.
67. Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC):** A Roman ruler who oversaw the demise of the Roman Republic, leading to the establishment of the Roman Empire, and significantly strengthened Rome’s military power.
66. Joseph Stalin (1878 – 1953):** The absolute ruler of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death, who led the Soviet Union during World War II.
65. Queen Isabella I (1451 – 1504):** The Queen of Castile, who played a crucial role in the creation of a powerful and unified state of Spain, whose influence extended to the Americas.
64. Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826):** The third President of the United States and the principal author of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
63. Hernando Cortes (1485 – 1547):** A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec lands of modern-day Mexico.
62. Francisco Pizarro (1471 – 1541):** A Spanish conquistador who claimed Inca lands for Spain.
61. Nikolaus August Otto (1832 – 1891):** A German engineer who developed the compressed charge internal combustion engine to run on petrol.
60. Joseph Lister (1827 – 1912):** A British surgeon who pioneered the use of sterilization and antiseptic surgery.
59. Max Planck (1858 – 1947):** German theoretical physicist who developed a theory of Quantum physics and discovered energy quanta.
58. Gregor Mendel (1822 – 1884):** Czech/Austrian scientist and friar who founded the modern science of genetics.
57. John Calvin (1509 – 27 May 1564):** Christian theologian who developed a strict brand of Protestant Christianity that stressed the doctrine of predestination.
56. Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937):** New Zealand-born British physicist who made discoveries in atomic physics, particularly his work on splitting the atom, which was influential for the development of atomic science.
55. William Harvey (1578 – 3 June 1657):** English physician who made significant contributions to understanding how blood circulated in the body.
54. St. Augustine (354 – 430):** An influential Christian saint and writer who shaped much of Western christian thought.
53. Asoka (c. 260 – 232 BC):** A powerful Indian King who established a large empire through conquest before converting to Buddhism and pursuing a peaceful approach.
52. Umar ibn al-Khattab (584 CE – 644 CE):** A powerful Muslim Caliph and senior companion of Muhammad, influential in Sunni Islam.
51. Pope Urban II (1042 – 29 July 1099):** An influential Pope who ordered the First Crusade to the Holy Land and set up the Papal Court.
50. Michelangelo (1475 – 1564):** A Renaissance sculptor, painter, and architect known for his artistic achievements.
49. Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650):** French philosopher and mathematician famous for the phrase, “I think, therefore I am.”
48. Simon Bolivar (1783 – 1830):** The liberator of Latin American countries from Spanish rule.
47. Louis Daguerre (1787 – 1851):** French artist and photographer credited with the invention of the camera.
46. Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976):** German theoretical physicist and pioneer of Quantum mechanics.
45. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827):** German composer of the classical and romantic period known for his musical compositions.
44. John Locke (1632-1704):** English political philosopher known for promoting a theory of liberal democracy and the social contract.
43. Alexander Fleming (1881-1955):** Scottish biologist who discovered penicillin, revolutionizing medicine.
42. Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922):** Scottish inventor of the telephone, contributing to modern telecommunications.
41. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658):** Leader of the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War and Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
40. Plato (424 – 348 BC):** Greek philosopher known for his foundational contributions to Western philosophy.
39. Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945):** Dictator of Nazi Germany during World War II, responsible for many atrocities.
38. Guglielmo Marconi (1874 – 1937):** Italian engineer who helped develop radio transmission, contributing to modern telecommunications.
37. William T.G. Morton (1819 – 1868):** American dentist who pioneered the use of anesthesia in surgery.
36. Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723):** Dutch chemist and biologist, often called the father of microbiology.
35. Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931):** Inventor and businessman known for introducing electricity and the electric light bulb.
34. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 – 1821):** French military and political leader, Emperor of the French.
33. Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BC):** King of Macedonia and military leader who created one of the largest empires in history.
32. John Dalton (1766 – 1844):** English chemist and physicist who made contributions to atomic theory.
31. William Shakespeare (1564- 1616):** English poet and playwright widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language.
30. Adam Smith (1723-1790):** Scottish social philosopher and pioneer of classical economics, known for his book “The Wealth of Nations.”
29. Genghis Khan (1162 – 1227):** Military and political leader of the Mongols who established one of the largest empires in history.
28. Orville and Wilbur Wright (Orville: 1871 – 1948, Wilbur: 1867 – 1912):** American aviation pioneers who created and flew the first powered airplane.
27. Karl Marx (1818 – 1883):** German philosopher and economist, co-author of “The Communist Manifesto.”
26. George Washington (1732 – 1799):** Leader of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and the first President of the United States.
25. Martin Luther (1483-1546):** German theologian and religious reformer who started the Protestant Reformation.
24. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879):** Scottish physicist known for his significant contributions to understanding electromagnetism.
23. Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867):** English scientist who made foundational contributions to electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
22. James Watt (1736 – 1819):** Scottish engineer known for improving the steam engine and contributing to the Industrial Revolution.
21. Constantine the Great (272 AD – 337):** Roman Emperor who played a key role in the acceptance of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
20. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743 – 1794):** French chemist and biologist who had a leading impact on the chemical revolution.
19. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543):** Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.
18. Augustus Caesar (63 BC-AD 14):** The first Emperor of Rome, who ushered in the period known as the Pax Romana.
17. Shih Huang Ti (259 – 210 BC):** King of the state of Qin who conquered and united different regions of China in 221 BC.
16. Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882):** Scientist who proposed and popularized the theory of evolution.
15. Moses (c 1391 – 1271 BC):** A key figure of Jewish and Christian history who is known for giving the Ten Commandments in the Old Testament.
14. Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC):** Greek mathematician known as the “Father of Geometry.”
13. Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC):** A Greek philosopher and polymath who made significant contributions to various fields of knowledge.
12. Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642):** Italian scientist known for confirming the heliocentric view of the universe and making significant contributions to astronomy and physics.
11. Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895):** French biologist known for developing a cure for rabies and other infectious diseases, as well as pioneering the field of microbiology.
https://www.biographyonline.net/people/100-most-influential.html
10. Albert einstein (1879 – 1955)
German/ US scientist discovered Theory of Relativity.
Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists in history. He is best known for his theory of relativity, including the famous equation E=mc², which describes the equivalence of energy (E) and mass (m) and the relationship between space and time. Einstein’s work revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental laws of the universe, particularly in the realm of gravity and the behavior of objects at high speeds. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect, which laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. Einstein’s contributions to science not only reshaped physics but also had a profound impact on our understanding of the cosmos and the development of technology, including the development of the atomic bomb. He remains an iconic figure in the history of science and a symbol of intellectual curiosity and innovation.
9. Christopher Columbus (1451 – 1506)
Italian explorer landed in America.
Christopher Columbus (1451 – 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who is credited with opening the way for widespread European exploration and the eventual conquest of the Americas. In 1492, Columbus, sailing under the flag of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, embarked on a historic voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a westward route to Asia. Instead, he reached the islands of the Caribbean, landing on what is now known as the Bahamas. This event is often considered the start of the Age of Exploration and the beginning of sustained contact between the Old World and the New World.
Columbus completed four voyages to the Caribbean and South America, believing that he had reached the eastern shores of Asia. Although he never actually reached the mainland of North America, his voyages had a profound impact on history by opening up new trade routes and leading to the eventual colonization of the Americas by Europeans.
Columbus’s expeditions also brought about significant cultural exchanges between the Old World and the New World, resulting in the Columbian Exchange, which saw the transfer of plants, animals, and cultures between Europe and the Americas. While his voyages marked a turning point in world history, they also had negative consequences, including the displacement and mistreatment of indigenous peoples.
Columbus’s legacy remains a topic of debate and controversy, as his actions and their consequences are viewed differently by various groups and scholars. Nevertheless, his expeditions continue to be studied for their historical significance in shaping the course of human history.
8. Johann gutenberg (1395 – 1468)
Inventor of the printing press
Johann Gutenberg (c. 1400 – 1468) was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who is best known for introducing the movable-type printing press to Europe. His most notable achievement was the Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line Bible, which is considered one of the most important books in the history of printing.
Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press around 1440 revolutionized the way information was produced and disseminated. Prior to his innovation, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making them rare and expensive. With the printing press, books could be mass-produced relatively quickly and at a fraction of the previous cost. This advancement had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including education, religion, and the spread of knowledge.
Gutenberg’s printing technology allowed for the rapid dissemination of ideas and played a crucial role in the spread of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the scientific revolution. It is often cited as one of the most important developments in the history of human communication.
While Gutenberg’s contributions to printing were revolutionary, he faced financial challenges and legal disputes during his lifetime. He is remembered as a pioneer whose invention transformed the way information was shared and laid the foundation for the modern publishing industry. Gutenberg’s impact on the world of printing and publishing is celebrated as a pivotal moment in the history of human civilization.
7. Ts’ai Lun (AD 50 – 121)
Inventor of paper.
Ts’ai Lun, a Chinese scholar and inventor, is renowned for inventing papermaking in 105 AD during the Han Dynasty. His groundbreaking achievement revolutionized the way information was recorded and transmitted, shaping Chinese culture and influencing the world’s development. His invention of paper was a transformative moment in human history, enabling the dissemination of knowledge and the spread of literacy.
6. St’ Paul (5 – AD 67)
Christian missionary and one of the main writers of the New Testament.
Saint Paul, also known as the Apostle Paul, was a prominent figure in early Christianity and one of the most influential missionaries and theologians of the Christian faith. Born around 5 AD and traditionally believed to have died in 67 AD, Saint Paul’s life and teachings played a pivotal role in the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.
Originally a devout Jew known as Saul of Tarsus, he experienced a dramatic conversion to Christianity while on a journey to Damascus. This transformation led him to become a fervent advocate for Christ and his teachings. Saint Paul embarked on extensive missionary journeys throughout the Mediterranean region, establishing Christian communities and writing letters, or epistles, to various early Christian congregations.
His writings, which make up a significant portion of the New Testament, provide theological and ethical guidance to the early Christian church. Saint Paul’s teachings emphasized salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, rather than adherence to Jewish law, making Christianity more accessible to a wider audience. His contributions to Christian theology, ethics, and the spread of the gospel continue to shape the beliefs and practices of Christians worldwide. Saint Paul is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity.
5. Confusius (551 – 479 BC)
Chinese philosopher.
Confucius, also known as Kong Fuzi or Kong Qui, was a Chinese philosopher and teacher who lived from 551 BC to 479 BC. He is one of the most influential figures in Chinese history and his teachings have had a profound and lasting impact on Chinese culture and philosophy. Confucius’ philosophy, known as Confucianism, emphasizes the importance of ethical conduct, family relationships, and social harmony. He believed in the moral improvement of individuals and believed that a just and harmonious society could be achieved through the cultivation of virtue and proper behavior. Confucius’ teachings have been a fundamental part of Chinese culture for over two millennia and continue to influence Chinese society and values to this day.
4. Gautam Buddha (c 563 – 483 BC)
Spiritual Teacher and founder of Buddhism
Gautam Buddha, whose birth name was Siddhartha Gautama, was a spiritual teacher and the founder of Buddhism. He lived in ancient India, around the 6th century BCE. Siddhartha was born into a royal family but chose to leave his life of privilege in search of spiritual enlightenment and a deeper understanding of human suffering.
After years of meditation and self-discovery, Siddhartha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India. He became known as “Buddha,” which means “the awakened one” or “the enlightened one.” Buddha’s teachings revolve around the Four Noble Truths, which identify the nature of suffering and the path to liberation from it, known as the Eightfold Path.
Buddhism emphasizes mindfulness, compassion, and the pursuit of wisdom as key components of a meaningful life. Buddha’s teachings have had a profound and lasting impact on spiritual and philosophical thought, not only in Asia but also around the world. Buddhism has millions of followers and various schools of thought, making it one of the world’s major religions and a significant influence on the practice of meditation, mindfulness, and ethical living.
3. Jesus / ISA AS
Spiritual teacher and central figure of Christianity.
Jesus, also known as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, is a central figure in Christianity and one of the most influential religious and historical figures in the world. He is believed to have been born in Bethlehem around 4 BCE and is traditionally considered the Son of God and the Savior of humanity by Christians.
According to Christian beliefs, Jesus performed miracles, taught about love, compassion, and forgiveness, and preached a message of salvation and eternal life. His crucifixion by the Roman authorities in Jerusalem, believed to have occurred around 30-33 CE, is a fundamental event in Christian theology, as it is seen as the atonement for the sins of humanity.
The life and teachings of Jesus are primarily documented in the New Testament of the Bible, which includes the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. These texts outline his ministry, parables, and the events leading up to his crucifixion and subsequent resurrection.
Christianity, with Jesus at its core, has grown to become one of the world’s largest religions, with billions of followers worldwide. The teachings of Jesus, which emphasize love, forgiveness, and the Kingdom of God, have left an enduring legacy on ethics, morality, and the cultural and religious landscape of the world.
ISA AS (Jesus) was a Prophet in islam.
In Islam, Jesus, known as “Isa” in Arabic, is revered as a major prophet and a central figure in the faith’s religious narrative. He is regarded as one of the esteemed “Ulul Azm” prophets, a select group of messengers chosen by God to guide humanity. Islamic tradition upholds the miraculous birth of Jesus to the Virgin Mary (Maryam), a parallel to the Christian belief. As a prophet of God, Jesus’s mission was to call the Children of Israel to the worship of the one true God and to convey divine guidance. Muslims believe in his performance of miracles with God’s permission, such as healing the sick. However, Islam unequivocally rejects the Christian concept of the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus. Instead, Islam emphasizes the absolute oneness of God. A significant point of departure from Christian theology lies in the belief that Jesus was not crucified in Islamic tradition; rather, he was raised to heaven by God. Furthermore, Islamic teachings prophesy his return in the future as a just ruler and a follower of Islamic law, contributing to eschatological events preceding the Day of Judgment. Despite these theological distinctions, both Islam and Christianity honor Jesus as a figure of immense spiritual and moral significance, though their interpretations of his role differ.
2. Issac newton (1642 – 1727)
British mathematician and scientist.
Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727) was an English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists in history. He made groundbreaking contributions to various fields of science, including his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, which laid the foundation for classical physics. Newton’s work revolutionized our understanding of the natural world, explaining the motion of objects and the forces governing them. His book “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica,” commonly known as the Principia, remains one of the most important scientific texts ever published. Newton’s profound insights into mathematics, optics, and celestial mechanics transformed science and continue to be fundamental to our understanding of the physical universe.
1. Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)
Prophet of Islam.
Muhammad, known in full as Muhammad ibn Abdullah, was a pivotal figure in the religious and historical landscape of the 6th and 7th centuries CE. Born in the city of Mecca in 570 CE, he would become the central figure of Islam, regarded as the final prophet in Islamic tradition. Muhammad’s life was marked by a profound spiritual journey that culminated in his receiving divine revelations from God (Allah) through the angel Gabriel. These revelations were transcribed into the Quran, the holy book of Islam, which serves as the cornerstone of Islamic faith and practice.
Muhammad’s mission was characterized by a call to monotheism, emphasizing the belief in the oneness of God (Tawhid) and a rejection of the widespread idol worship in Mecca. He championed moral principles, social justice, and the protection of the marginalized. However, his message met fierce opposition from the ruling elite in Mecca, leading to the persecution of early Muslims.
In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated to the city of Medina, where he became a spiritual and political leader. During his time in Medina, he established a just and ethical society, devised a legal system, and engaged in defensive battles against hostile forces from Mecca.
Muhammad’s return to Mecca in 630 CE marked a significant turning point. He cleansed the Kaaba, the sacred house of worship, from idols, establishing it as a center of monotheistic devotion. Muhammad’s death in 632 CE in Medina concluded the era of prophethood in Islam, with Muslims believing that he was the last prophet sent by God to guide humanity.
Today, Muhammad’s teachings, recorded in the Quran and the Hadith, continue to guide the lives of over a billion Muslims worldwide. His exemplary life serves as a model of compassion, ethical conduct, and devotion to God. As the “Seal of the Prophets,” Muhammad holds a place of unparalleled reverence in Islamic faith and remains a unifying force for the global Muslim community.
“Explore the fascinating insights of Michael H. Hart’s list of the ‘100 Most Influential People in the World.’ This thought-provoking ranking reflects individuals who have left an indelible mark on history, shaping the course of human civilization. Whether you’re curious about the impact of these influential figures or seeking to delve deeper into their legacies, click on the link to discover the stories and contributions of these remarkable individuals. traslate in hindi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_100:_A_Ranking_of_the_Most_Influential_Persons_in_History